Pictorial cigarette pack warnings: a meta-analysis of experimental studies
A meta-analysis led by Seth Noar of 37 experimental studies covering 48 samples and 33,613 participants. Pictorial cigarette warnings outperformed text-only warnings on 12 of 17 effectiveness outcomes, including attention, emotional and cognitive reactions, negative attitudes to smoking and intentions to quit or not to start. The authors note the studies mostly lacked measures of actual smoking behaviour.
A meta-analysis led by Seth Noar of 37 experimental studies covering 48 samples and 33,613 participants. Pictorial cigarette warnings outperformed text-only warnings on 12 of 17 effectiveness outcomes, including attention, emotional and cognitive reactions, negative attitudes to smoking and intentions to quit or not to start. The authors note the studies mostly lacked measures of actual smoking behaviour.
Written from the abstract read 2026-10-11.
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doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051978. 37 studies, 48 samples, 33,613 participants.