Lawrence Sanna
Lawrence Sanna appears on this site as first author of a 2002 Journal of Experimental Psychology paper on debiasing hindsight, with Norbert Schwarz and Shevaun Stocker.
Who they are
The work of Lawrence Sanna reaches this site through the paper listed below. On this site the name is tied to Hindsight Bias, Consider-the-Opposite.
Key papers
Sanna, L. J., Schwarz, N., & Stocker, S. L. (2002). When debiasing backfires: Accessible content and accessibility experiences in debiasing hindsight. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28(3), 497-502. What it reports: Two studies in which listing many alternative outcomes felt difficult and increased hindsight bias, while listing a few felt easy and produced no significant hindsight effect.
Key ideas
Hindsight Bias: Once you know how something turned out, you lose the ability to reconstruct what you believed before you knew.
Consider-the-Opposite: A way of reducing a bias by asking how a different outcome or cause could have come about.
Sources
- Sanna, L. J., Schwarz, N., & Stocker, S. L. (2002). When debiasing backfires: Accessible content and accessibility experiences in debiasing hindsight. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28(3), 497-502.