A comparative investigation of seven indirect attitude measures
Bar-Anan and Nosek compared seven indirect attitude measures, the implicit association test and its brief version among them, on a sample of 23,413 people across attitudes towards politics, race and self-esteem. They assessed internal consistency, test-retest reliability, sensitivity to known differences and relations with other indirect and direct measures. The implicit association test averaged .88 on internal consistency, the highest of the seven, and .45 on test-retest, fifth of seven, with the brief version highest at .63; the authors note the retest estimates rest on about 100 participants per topic and were not a primary criterion. The test correlated .35 on average with direct measures, .64 and .60 for the two political self-report measures, .32 for both race measures and .11 and .13 for the two self-esteem measures. The test and its brief version performed best overall, and the authors say the results concern validity as attitude measures, not whether the attitudes are implicit.
Bar-Anan and Nosek compared seven indirect attitude measures, the implicit association test and its brief version among them, on a sample of 23,413 people across attitudes towards politics, race and self-esteem. They assessed internal consistency, test-retest reliability, sensitivity to known differences and relations with other indirect and direct measures. The implicit association test averaged .88 on internal consistency, the highest of the seven, and .45 on test-retest, fifth of seven, with the brief version highest at .63; the authors note the retest estimates rest on about 100 participants per topic and were not a primary criterion. The test correlated .35 on average with direct measures, .64 and .60 for the two political self-report measures, .32 for both race measures and .11 and .13 for the two self-esteem measures. The test and its brief version performed best overall, and the authors say the results concern validity as attitude measures, not whether the attitudes are implicit.
Written from the full text (author-hosted PDF, tables 2 and 4), 2026-11-01.
What our sources record
Recorded when this source was checked, figures included, with page references and quotation marks removed.
Bar-Anan, Y., & Nosek, B. A. (2014). A comparative investigation of seven indirect attitude measures. Behavior Research Methods, 46(3), 668-688. doi:10.3758/s13428-013-0410-6 https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-013-0410-6