Sixteen facial expressions occur in similar contexts worldwide
[ABSTRACT READ IN FULL, plus the acknowledgements, author information, data and code availability statements, the complete reference list and the full legends of Extended Data Figures 1 to 7. THE MAIN RESULTS AND METHODS WERE NOT READ, the article being paywalled with no PMC deposit and no open-access location at OpenAlex] Cowen, A. S., Keltner, D., Schroff, F., Jou, B., Adam, H., & Prasad, G. (2021). 'Sixteen facial expressions occur in similar contexts worldwide.' Nature, 589(7841), 251-257. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-3037-7. THE LOAD-BEARING EMPIRICAL CLAIM ON THE OTHER SIDE AND THE ARTICLE MUST REPORT IT AT FULL STRENGTH. From the abstract: 'In two experiments using deep neural networks, we examined the extent to which 16 types of facial expression occurred systematically in thousands of contexts in 6 million videos from 144 countries. We found that each kind of facial expression had distinct associations with a set of contexts that were 70% preserved across 12 world regions. Consistent with these associations, regions varied in how frequently different facial expressions were produced as a function of which contexts were most salient.' And: 'Our results reveal fine-grained patterns in human facial expressions that are preserved across the modern world.' WHAT WE CAN VERIFY ABOUT THE METHOD, from the Extended Data legends: an expression classifier annotated faces with 16 categories, trained on human ratings offering 'a wide array of options in the rating task (29 emotion labels, plus neutral and unsure)'; it was validated against the human judgements of the 1,456 context-strippable photographs from Cowen and Keltner 2020, with 'overall r = 0.69 between calibrated annotations of the expression DNN and human judgments after adjusting for explainable variance in human judgments'; interrater reliability of the human training data 'converges on a similar value of around
[ABSTRACT READ IN FULL, plus the acknowledgements, author information, data and code availability statements, the complete reference list and the full legends of Extended Data Figures 1 to 7. THE MAIN RESULTS AND METHODS WERE NOT READ, the article being paywalled with no PMC deposit and no open-access location at OpenAlex] Cowen, A. S., Keltner, D., Schroff, F., Jou, B., Adam, H., & Prasad, G. (2021). 'Sixteen facial expressions occur in similar contexts worldwide.' Nature, 589(7841), 251-257. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-3037-7. THE LOAD-BEARING EMPIRICAL CLAIM ON THE OTHER SIDE AND THE ARTICLE MUST REPORT IT AT FULL STRENGTH. From the abstract: 'In two experiments using deep neural networks, we examined the extent to which 16 types of facial expression occurred systematically in thousands of contexts in 6 million videos from 144 countries. We found that each kind of facial expression had distinct associations with a set of contexts that were 70% preserved across 12 world regions. Consistent with these associations, regions varied in how frequently different facial expressions were produced as a function of which contexts were most salient.' And: 'Our results reveal fine-grained patterns in human facial expressions that are preserved across the modern world.' WHAT WE CAN VERIFY ABOUT THE METHOD, from the Extended Data legends: an expression classifier annotated faces with 16 categories, trained on human ratings offering 'a wide array of options in the rating task (29 emotion labels, plus neutral and unsure)'; it was validated against the human judgements of the 1,456 context-strippable photographs from Cowen and Keltner 2020, with 'overall r = 0.69 between calibrated annotations of the expression DNN and human judgments after adjusting for explainable variance in human judgments'; interrater reliability of the human training data 'converges on a similar value of around
Written from the aBSTRACT READ IN FULL, plus the acknowledgements, author information, data and code availability statements, the complete reference list and the full legends of Extended Data Figures 1 to 7. THE MAIN RESULTS AND METHODS WERE NOT READ, the article being paywalled with no PMC deposit and no open-access location at OpenAlex.
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Cowen, A. S., Keltner, D., Schroff, F., Jou, B., Adam, H., & Prasad, G. (2021). Sixteen facial expressions occur in similar contexts worldwide. Nature, 589(7841), 251-257. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-3037-7