What the face displays: Mapping 28 emotions conveyed by naturalistic expression
[FULL TEXT READ at PMC. Alan S. Cowen first and corresponding, Dacher Keltner second, both Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley] Cowen, A. S., & Keltner, D. (2020). 'What the face displays: Mapping 28 emotions conveyed by naturalistic expression.' American Psychologist, 75(3), 349-364. doi:10.1037/amp0000488. THE STRONGEST SINGLE PAPER FOR THE PROPOSITION THAT A FACE ALONE CARRIES A GREAT DEAL, AND THE ARTICLE MUST ENGAGE IT. Sample, verbatim: 'we recruited 1,794 U.S.-English-speaking raters aged 18 to 76 years (940 female, M_age = 34.8 years)' on Mechanical Turk, across four surveys, with a further new set of 302 for the context-removal follow-up. Stimuli: 1,500 naturalistic photographs 'centered on the face and including nearby hand and body movements', obtained 'by querying search engines with contexts and phrases (e.g., "roller coaster ride," "flirting")', and candidly: 'we selected expressions for apparent authenticity and diversity of expression but not for resemblance to category prototypes. Nevertheless, given potential selection bias and the scope of online images, we do not claim that the expressions studied here are exhaustive of facial-bodily signaling.' Scale: '412,500 individual judgments (30,000 forced-choice categorical judgments, 351,000 9-point appraisal scale judgments, 13,500 free-response judgments, and 18,000 ecological validity judgments)'. KEY RESULTS: 'Ninety-two percent of the 1,500 expressions were reliably identified with at least one category (25%+ interrater agreement, false discovery rate [FDR] < .05, simulation test) and over a third of the expressions elicited interrater agreement levels of 50% or greater.' THEIR OWN COMPARISON TO THE META-ANALYSIS, which is the sharpest challenge to the sceptical reading: 'These interrater agreement levels are comparable with those documented in metaanalyses of past studies of
[FULL TEXT READ at PMC. Alan S. Cowen first and corresponding, Dacher Keltner second, both Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley] Cowen, A. S., & Keltner, D. (2020). 'What the face displays: Mapping 28 emotions conveyed by naturalistic expression.' American Psychologist, 75(3), 349-364. doi:10.1037/amp0000488. THE STRONGEST SINGLE PAPER FOR THE PROPOSITION THAT A FACE ALONE CARRIES A GREAT DEAL, AND THE ARTICLE MUST ENGAGE IT. Sample, verbatim: 'we recruited 1,794 U.S.-English-speaking raters aged 18 to 76 years (940 female, M_age = 34.8 years)' on Mechanical Turk, across four surveys, with a further new set of 302 for the context-removal follow-up. Stimuli: 1,500 naturalistic photographs 'centered on the face and including nearby hand and body movements', obtained 'by querying search engines with contexts and phrases (e.g., "roller coaster ride," "flirting")', and candidly: 'we selected expressions for apparent authenticity and diversity of expression but not for resemblance to category prototypes. Nevertheless, given potential selection bias and the scope of online images, we do not claim that the expressions studied here are exhaustive of facial-bodily signaling.' Scale: '412,500 individual judgments (30,000 forced-choice categorical judgments, 351,000 9-point appraisal scale judgments, 13,500 free-response judgments, and 18,000 ecological validity judgments)'. KEY RESULTS: 'Ninety-two percent of the 1,500 expressions were reliably identified with at least one category (25%+ interrater agreement, false discovery rate [FDR] < .05, simulation test) and over a third of the expressions elicited interrater agreement levels of 50% or greater.' THEIR OWN COMPARISON TO THE META-ANALYSIS, which is the sharpest challenge to the sceptical reading: 'These interrater agreement levels are comparable with those documented in metaanalyses of past studies of
Written from the fULL TEXT READ at PMC. Alan S. Cowen first and corresponding, Dacher Keltner second, both Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley.
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Cowen, A. S., & Keltner, D. (2020). What the face displays: Mapping 28 emotions conveyed by naturalistic expression. American Psychologist, 75(3), 349-364. doi:10.1037/amp0000488