Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made
[FULL TEXT READ AT SOURCE including the complete Materials and Methods and the sensitivity analysis, from the PubMed Central deposit at PMC5517107] Geyer, R., Jambeck, J. R., & Law, K. L. (2017). 'Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made.' Science Advances, 3(7), e1700782. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700782. The anchor. Abstract: 'We estimate that 8300 million metric tons (Mt) as of virgin plastics have been produced to date. As of 2015, approximately 6300 Mt of plastic waste had been generated, around 9% of which had been recycled, 12% was incinerated, and 79% was accumulated in landfills or the natural environment.' From the body: cumulative waste generation 1950 to 2015 of 6300 Mt, of which about 800 Mt or 12 per cent incinerated and 600 Mt or 9 per cent recycled, 'only 10% of which have been recycled more than once'; around 4900 Mt, 60 per cent of all plastics ever produced, discarded and accumulating; 2500 Mt or 30 per cent currently in use; 7800 Mt of resins and fibres manufactured, half of it in the thirteen years to 2015; approximately 42 per cent of all non-fibre plastics used for packaging; production from 2 Mt in 1950 to 380 Mt in 2015, a compound annual growth rate of 8.4 per cent. THE SENTENCE WORTH THE MOST TO THE ARTICLE: 'Recycling delays, rather than avoids, final disposal. It reduces future plastic waste generation only if it displaces primary plastic production; however, because of its counterfactual nature, this displacement is extremely difficult to establish', with 'contamination and the mixing of polymer types generate secondary plastics of limited or low technical and economic value.' THE PART THE CAMPAIGN VERSION DROPS, AND IT MUST BE CARRIED: the nine per cent is cumulative since 1950 and the paper gives current rates separately, for non-fibre plastic only, 'Global recycling and incineration rates have slowly increased to account for 18
[FULL TEXT READ AT SOURCE including the complete Materials and Methods and the sensitivity analysis, from the PubMed Central deposit at PMC5517107] Geyer, R., Jambeck, J. R., & Law, K. L. (2017). 'Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made.' Science Advances, 3(7), e1700782. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700782. The anchor. Abstract: 'We estimate that 8300 million metric tons (Mt) as of virgin plastics have been produced to date. As of 2015, approximately 6300 Mt of plastic waste had been generated, around 9% of which had been recycled, 12% was incinerated, and 79% was accumulated in landfills or the natural environment.' From the body: cumulative waste generation 1950 to 2015 of 6300 Mt, of which about 800 Mt or 12 per cent incinerated and 600 Mt or 9 per cent recycled, 'only 10% of which have been recycled more than once'; around 4900 Mt, 60 per cent of all plastics ever produced, discarded and accumulating; 2500 Mt or 30 per cent currently in use; 7800 Mt of resins and fibres manufactured, half of it in the thirteen years to 2015; approximately 42 per cent of all non-fibre plastics used for packaging; production from 2 Mt in 1950 to 380 Mt in 2015, a compound annual growth rate of 8.4 per cent. THE SENTENCE WORTH THE MOST TO THE ARTICLE: 'Recycling delays, rather than avoids, final disposal. It reduces future plastic waste generation only if it displaces primary plastic production; however, because of its counterfactual nature, this displacement is extremely difficult to establish', with 'contamination and the mixing of polymer types generate secondary plastics of limited or low technical and economic value.' THE PART THE CAMPAIGN VERSION DROPS, AND IT MUST BE CARRIED: the nine per cent is cumulative since 1950 and the paper gives current rates separately, for non-fibre plastic only, 'Global recycling and incineration rates have slowly increased to account for 18
Written from the fULL TEXT READ AT SOURCE including the complete Materials and Methods and the sensitivity analysis, from the PubMed Central deposit at PMC5517107.
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Geyer, R., Jambeck, J. R., & Law, K. L. (2017). Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Science Advances, 3(7), e1700782. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700782