Parent praise to 1- to 3-year-olds predicts children's motivational frameworks 5 years later
Gunderson, Gripshover, Romero, Dweck, Goldin-Meadow and Levine, Child Development 84(5), 2013, 1526-1541. 53 children. Parents' praise of effort at 14 to 38 months predicted incremental motivational frameworks at 7 to 8 years; early praise of inherent characteristics did not predict fixed-ability frameworks. The authors suggest experimental mechanisms may operate at home.
Gunderson, Gripshover, Romero, Dweck, Goldin-Meadow and Levine, Child Development 84(5), 2013, 1526-1541. 53 children. Parents' praise of effort at 14 to 38 months predicted incremental motivational frameworks at 7 to 8 years; early praise of inherent characteristics did not predict fixed-ability frameworks. The authors suggest experimental mechanisms may operate at home.
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Gunderson, E. A., Gripshover, S. J., Romero, C., Dweck, C. S., Goldin-Meadow, S., & Levine, S. C. (2013). Parent praise to 1- to 3-year-olds predicts children's motivational frameworks 5 years later. Child Development, 84(5), 1526-1541. doi:10.1111/cdev.12064 https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12064