Horton and Wohl revisited: Exploring viewers' experience of parasocial interaction
Hartmann and Goldhoorn revisit the 1956 concept of parasocial interaction and introduce the Experience of Parasocial Interaction scale. In a 2 by 2 between-subjects experiment with 198 participants, viewers reported a more intense parasocial experience when a television performer addressed them both bodily and verbally. Viewers who rated the performer as more attractive and who had stronger perspective-taking ability also reported more intense experiences, and a stronger experience was linked to greater commitment to social norms and more enjoyment of the viewing situation.
Hartmann and Goldhoorn revisit the 1956 concept of parasocial interaction and introduce the Experience of Parasocial Interaction scale. In a 2 by 2 between-subjects experiment with 198 participants, viewers reported a more intense parasocial experience when a television performer addressed them both bodily and verbally. Viewers who rated the performer as more attractive and who had stronger perspective-taking ability also reported more intense experiences, and a stronger experience was linked to greater commitment to social norms and more enjoyment of the viewing situation.
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Hartmann, T., & Goldhoorn, C. (2011). Horton and Wohl revisited: Exploring viewers' experience of parasocial interaction. Journal of Communication, 61(6), 1104-1121. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2011.01595.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2011.01595.x