They saw a game: A case study
Hastorf and Cantril compared how students at Princeton and Dartmouth described a football game played between the two teams in 1951. They then showed a film of the game to each group and asked the students to count rule infractions. Students at each university counted more infractions by the opposing team, and the authors concluded that the two groups had in effect seen different games. Reading depth: secondary report, no figures used in our article.
Hastorf and Cantril compared how students at Princeton and Dartmouth described a football game played between the two teams in 1951. They then showed a film of the game to each group and asked the students to count rule infractions. Students at each university counted more infractions by the opposing team, and the authors concluded that the two groups had in effect seen different games. Reading depth: secondary report, no figures used in our article.
Written from the secondary report of the paper (SPSP summary), Crossref record, 2026-10-31.
What our sources record
Recorded when this source was checked, figures included, with page references and quotation marks removed.
Hastorf, A. H., & Cantril, H. (1954). They saw a game: A case study. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 49(1), 129-134. doi:10.1037/h0057880 https://doi.org/10.1037/h0057880