Reply to Guo et al. and Credé: Grit-S scale measures only perseverance, not passion, and its supposed subfactors are merely artifactors
Jachimowicz, J. M., Wihler, A., Bailey, E. R., & Galinsky, A. D. (2019). 'Reply to Guo et al. and Credé: Grit-S scale measures only perseverance, not passion, and its supposed subfactors are merely artifactors.' Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(9), 3942-3944. The attack on the two-facet structure from the opposite direction to Credé's, and from authors defending grit rather than deflating it. Their argument: 'all items for the perseverance of effort sub-facet are positively worded, while all items for the consistency of interests sub-facet are negatively worded ... this design flaw can lead to the spurious finding that the Grit-S scale loads on two factors. This does not, however, reflect a true underlying two-factor structure, but instead reflects a mere statistical artifact, so-called artifactors.' They ran all-positive (N = 958) and all-negative (N = 781) versions with data posted on the Open Science Framework; the subfacets correlated at .95 and .90 respectively, and in both cases shared variance exceeded the average variance extracted, so discriminant validity failed. Their conclusion: the Grit-S 'only measures perseverance, and none of its items conceptually capture passion'. The companion paper is Jachimowicz, Wihler, Bailey and Galinsky 2018, PNAS 115(40), 9980-9985 [ABSTRACT ONLY], a pro-grit defence holding that passion was
Jachimowicz, J. M., Wihler, A., Bailey, E. R., & Galinsky, A. D. (2019). 'Reply to Guo et al. and Credé: Grit-S scale measures only perseverance, not passion, and its supposed subfactors are merely artifactors.' Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(9), 3942-3944. The attack on the two-facet structure from the opposite direction to Credé's, and from authors defending grit rather than deflating it. Their argument: 'all items for the perseverance of effort sub-facet are positively worded, while all items for the consistency of interests sub-facet are negatively worded ... this design flaw can lead to the spurious finding that the Grit-S scale loads on two factors. This does not, however, reflect a true underlying two-factor structure, but instead reflects a mere statistical artifact, so-called artifactors.' They ran all-positive (N = 958) and all-negative (N = 781) versions with data posted on the Open Science Framework; the subfacets correlated at .95 and .90 respectively, and in both cases shared variance exceeded the average variance extracted, so discriminant validity failed. Their conclusion: the Grit-S 'only measures perseverance, and none of its items conceptually capture passion'. The companion paper is Jachimowicz, Wihler, Bailey and Galinsky 2018, PNAS 115(40), 9980-9985 [ABSTRACT ONLY], a pro-grit defence holding that passion was
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Jachimowicz, J. M., Wihler, A., Bailey, E. R., & Galinsky, A. D. (2019). 'Reply to Guo et al. and Credé: Grit-S scale measures only perseverance, not passion, and its supposed subfactors are merely artifactors.' Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(9), 3942-3944.