The effects of ballot position on election outcomes
1998 New York City Democratic primary, names rotated by precinct; 71 of 79 contests showed a higher share when listed first; in 7 the advantage exceeded the winner's margin.
1998 New York City Democratic primary, names rotated by precinct; 71 of 79 contests showed a higher share when listed first; in 7 the advantage exceeded the winner's margin.
Written from the abstract read 2026-10-12.
What our sources record
Reproduced as it was written when this source was checked, figures and all.
doi:10.1046/j.1468-2508.2004.00151.x. Abstract read (Montclair State University repository): 1998 New York City Democratic primary, names rotated by precinct; 71 of 79 contests showed a higher share when listed first; in 7 the advantage exceeded the winner's margin.