Self-handicapping, excuse making, and counterfactual thinking: Consequences for self-esteem and future motivation
McCrea, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 95(2), 2008, 274-292. Five studies found that in self-handicapping contexts upward counterfactual thoughts raised self-esteem and lowered motivation for future performance; the effects depended on goals and on the content of the thoughts.
McCrea, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 95(2), 2008, 274-292. Five studies found that in self-handicapping contexts upward counterfactual thoughts raised self-esteem and lowered motivation for future performance; the effects depended on goals and on the content of the thoughts.
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McCrea, S. M. (2008). Self-handicapping, excuse making, and counterfactual thinking: Consequences for self-esteem and future motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(2), 274-292. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.2.274 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.95.2.274