WEIRD but Also Inconsistent: An Analysis of the Reporting Practices of Participant Samples Across Five Areas of Psychology
[COMPLETE ARTICLE READ IN FULL AT SOURCE, the CC-BY publisher's version at the University of Birmingham open repository] Petrutiu, L., Birney, M. E., Cooke, R., & Stewart, S. (2026). 'WEIRD but Also Inconsistent: An Analysis of the Reporting Practices of Participant Samples Across Five Areas of Psychology.' International Journal of Psychology, 61(2), e70168. doi:10.1002/ijop.70168. THE NEWEST AUDIT FOUND ANYWHERE AND THE BEST CITATION IN THE FILE, BECAUSE IT IS RECENT, OPEN AND PREREGISTERED. Design: five flagship British Psychological Society journals, January 2021 to December 2023; 916 papers identified, six duplicates and 249 non-quantitative papers removed, leaving 661 papers, 722 studies and 1,293 samples, multi-country studies counted once per country. FINDINGS: 67.6 per cent of samples recruited from Western countries, 18.6 per cent from non-Western countries, and 13.1 per cent with no country stated; participants from Latin America, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa 8.7 per cent combined, Asia 9.9 per cent; the United Kingdom the single largest source at 20 per cent and the United States second at 17.7 per cent; 82 per cent of first authors and 84.5 per cent of second authors affiliated with Western institutions, with Latin America, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa together supplying 7.3 per cent of first authors; 18.9 per cent of studies used undergraduates only, from 34.3 per cent in the British Journal of Psychology to 2.6 per cent in the British Journal of Developmental Psychology; crowdsourcing supplied 36.6 per cent of samples overall and 59 per cent in the British Journal of Social Psychology; gender reported 94.8 per cent of the time, education 53 per cent, race 36.7 per cent, socio-economic status 26.5 per cent. THEIR SHARPEST SENTENCE: 'Given the tendency to leave groups considered normative unexplained ... it is possible that
[COMPLETE ARTICLE READ IN FULL AT SOURCE, the CC-BY publisher's version at the University of Birmingham open repository] Petrutiu, L., Birney, M. E., Cooke, R., & Stewart, S. (2026). 'WEIRD but Also Inconsistent: An Analysis of the Reporting Practices of Participant Samples Across Five Areas of Psychology.' International Journal of Psychology, 61(2), e70168. doi:10.1002/ijop.70168. THE NEWEST AUDIT FOUND ANYWHERE AND THE BEST CITATION IN THE FILE, BECAUSE IT IS RECENT, OPEN AND PREREGISTERED. Design: five flagship British Psychological Society journals, January 2021 to December 2023; 916 papers identified, six duplicates and 249 non-quantitative papers removed, leaving 661 papers, 722 studies and 1,293 samples, multi-country studies counted once per country. FINDINGS: 67.6 per cent of samples recruited from Western countries, 18.6 per cent from non-Western countries, and 13.1 per cent with no country stated; participants from Latin America, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa 8.7 per cent combined, Asia 9.9 per cent; the United Kingdom the single largest source at 20 per cent and the United States second at 17.7 per cent; 82 per cent of first authors and 84.5 per cent of second authors affiliated with Western institutions, with Latin America, Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa together supplying 7.3 per cent of first authors; 18.9 per cent of studies used undergraduates only, from 34.3 per cent in the British Journal of Psychology to 2.6 per cent in the British Journal of Developmental Psychology; crowdsourcing supplied 36.6 per cent of samples overall and 59 per cent in the British Journal of Social Psychology; gender reported 94.8 per cent of the time, education 53 per cent, race 36.7 per cent, socio-economic status 26.5 per cent. THEIR SHARPEST SENTENCE: 'Given the tendency to leave groups considered normative unexplained ... it is possible that
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Petrutiu, L., Birney, M. E., Cooke, R., & Stewart, S. (2026). WEIRD but Also Inconsistent: An Analysis of the Reporting Practices of Participant Samples Across Five Areas of Psychology. International Journal of Psychology, 61(2), e70168. doi:10.1002/ijop.70168