Patterns of mean-level change in personality traits across the life course: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
Roberts, Walton and Viechtbauer, Psychological Bulletin 132(1), 2006, 1-25. Meta-analysis of 92 longitudinal samples. Social dominance, conscientiousness and emotional stability increased, most between roughly 20 and 40; social vitality and openness rose in adolescence and declined in old age; agreeableness changed only in old age.
Roberts, Walton and Viechtbauer, Psychological Bulletin 132(1), 2006, 1-25. Meta-analysis of 92 longitudinal samples. Social dominance, conscientiousness and emotional stability increased, most between roughly 20 and 40; social vitality and openness rose in adolescence and declined in old age; agreeableness changed only in old age.
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Roberts, B. W., Walton, K. E., & Viechtbauer, W. (2006). Patterns of mean-level change in personality traits across the life course: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 132(1), 1-25. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.1.1 https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.1.1