The gamification of learning: a meta-analysis
Sailer and Homner pooled studies of gamification in learning using random-effects models and report small positive effects on cognitive, motivational and behavioural learning outcomes. Game fiction and social interaction were associated with behavioural outcomes, and combining competition with collaboration appeared helpful for behavioural and motivational outcomes. The authors conclude that gamification can be an effective instructional method while noting that what makes it succeed remains unclear, especially for cognitive outcomes.
Sailer and Homner pooled studies of gamification in learning using random-effects models and report small positive effects on cognitive, motivational and behavioural learning outcomes. Game fiction and social interaction were associated with behavioural outcomes, and combining competition with collaboration appeared helpful for behavioural and motivational outcomes. The authors conclude that gamification can be an effective instructional method while noting that what makes it succeed remains unclear, especially for cognitive outcomes.
Written from the abstract and publisher record, 2026-10-31.
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Sailer, M., & Homner, L. (2020). The gamification of learning: a meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 32(1), 77-112. doi:10.1007/s10648-019-09498-w https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09498-w