Sex and disease differences in patients
Online survey 7 December 2024 to 7 March 2025; 6,607 adults with clinically confirmed autoimmune or inflammatory rheumatic disease, 91.2 per cent female, 69.7 per cent UK, 87.8 per cent White; psychiatric misattribution 43.3 vs 32.7 per cent, psychosomatic 33.9 vs 21.5 per cent (both p < 0.001); other physical disease 47.6 vs 43.5 per cent (p = 0.131); adjusted OR 1.46 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.87) psychiatric and 1.74 (1.31 to 2.32) psychosomatic; modal time to diagnosis under 3 months (males, 21.2 per cent) and 1 to 2 years (females, 15.7 per cent); anxiety co-diagnosis 24.2 vs 16.1 per cent; authors describe the work as exploratory and list self-report, selection and recall limitations.
Online survey 7 December 2024 to 7 March 2025; 6,607 adults with clinically confirmed autoimmune or inflammatory rheumatic disease, 91.2 per cent female, 69.7 per cent UK, 87.8 per cent White; psychiatric misattribution 43.3 vs 32.7 per cent, psychosomatic 33.9 vs 21.5 per cent (both p < 0.001); other physical disease 47.6 vs 43.5 per cent (p = 0.131); adjusted OR 1.46 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.87) psychiatric and 1.74 (1.31 to 2.32) psychosomatic; modal time to diagnosis under 3 months (males, 21.2 per cent) and 1 to 2 years (females, 15.7 per cent); anxiety co-diagnosis 24.2 vs 16.1 per cent; authors describe the work as exploratory and list self-report, selection and recall limitations.
Written from the full text read 2026-10-13.
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diagnostic experiences in autoimmune diseases: an international cross-sectional study.' eClinicalMedicine, 104259. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2026.104259. Full text read: online survey 7 December 2024 to 7 March 2025; 6,607 adults with clinically confirmed autoimmune or inflammatory rheumatic disease, 91.2 per cent female, 69.7 per cent UK, 87.8 per cent White; psychiatric misattribution 43.3 vs 32.7 per cent, psychosomatic 33.9 vs 21.5 per cent (both p < 0.001); other physical disease 47.6 vs 43.5 per cent (p = 0.131); adjusted OR 1.46 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.87) psychiatric and 1.74 (1.31 to 2.32) psychosomatic; modal time to diagnosis under 3 months (males, 21.2 per cent) and 1 to 2 years (females, 15.7 per cent); anxiety co-diagnosis 24.2 vs 16.1 per cent; authors describe the work as exploratory and list self-report, selection and recall limitations.