Associations of ikigai as a positive psychological factor with all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality among middle-aged and elderly Japanese people: findings from the Japan Collaborative Coh
[STRUCTURED ABSTRACT READ IN FULL AT SOURCE at the Europe PMC core record, which also supplied the complete author list and the JACC Study Group collective byline. THE FULL TEXT IS PAYWALLED AT ELSEVIER AND WAS NOT READ, so the methods, the covariate balance, the sensitivity analyses and the authors' own stated limitations are all unseen, AND THE EXACT WORDING OF THE IKIGAI ITEM IS NOT KNOWN] Tanno, K., Sakata, K., Ohsawa, M., Onoda, T., Itai, K., Yaegashi, Y., & Tamakoshi, A., for the JACC Study Group (2009). 'Associations of ikigai as a positive psychological factor with all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality among middle-aged and elderly Japanese people: findings from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study.' Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 67(1), 67-75. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.10.018. PMID 19539820. Author order confirmed at api.openalex.org and at the Europe PMC core record: Tanno first, Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka; Tamakoshi last, Aichi Medical University. THE LARGER COHORT. From 1988 to 1990, 30,155 men and 43,117 women aged 40 to 79 completed a lifestyle questionnaire including a question about ikigai. Mean follow-up 12.5 years. 10,021 deaths. Cox regression, multivariate hazard ratios adjusted for age, body mass index, drinking and smoking status, physical activity, sleep duration, education, occupation, marital status, perceived mental stress and medical history. DESIGN POINT: mortality was classified as having occurred either in the first five years or in the subsequent follow-up period and the headline results are for the long-term period, which is a reverse-causation guard built into the design. RESULTS, verbatim from the abstract: 'Men and women with ikigai had decreased risks of mortality from all causes in the long-term follow-up period; multivariate HRs (95% confidence intervals, CIs) were 0.85 (0.80-0.90) for men and 0.93 (0.86-1.00) for women. The risk of cardiovascular mortality was reduced in men with ikigai; the multivariate HR (95% CI) was 0.86 (0.76-0.97). Furthermore, men and women with ikigai had a decreased risk for mortality from external causes; multivariate HRs (95% CIs) were 0.74 (0.59-0.93) for men and 0.67 (0.51-0.88) for women.' Conclusion as written: 'The findings suggest that a positive psychological factor such as ikigai is associated with longevity among Japanese people.' THREE CAUTIONS: the women's all-cause interval reaches 1.00, so that estimate sits at the boundary; THE ITEM WORDING IS UNKNOWN because the abstract says only 'a question about ikigai' and the methods were not read, SO IT MUST NOT BE ASSUMED TO MATCH THE OHSAKI WORDING; and the effect is consistently weaker in women, which the 2022 outcome-wide paper also finds and cannot explain. Observational; no causal reading available.
[STRUCTURED ABSTRACT READ IN FULL AT SOURCE at the Europe PMC core record, which also supplied the complete author list and the JACC Study Group collective byline. THE FULL TEXT IS PAYWALLED AT ELSEVIER AND WAS NOT READ, so the methods, the covariate balance, the sensitivity analyses and the authors' own stated limitations are all unseen, AND THE EXACT WORDING OF THE IKIGAI ITEM IS NOT KNOWN] Tanno, K., Sakata, K., Ohsawa, M., Onoda, T., Itai, K., Yaegashi, Y., & Tamakoshi, A., for the JACC Study Group (2009). 'Associations of ikigai as a positive psychological factor with all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality among middle-aged and elderly Japanese people: findings from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study.' Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 67(1), 67-75. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.10.018. PMID 19539820. Author order confirmed at api.openalex.org and at the Europe PMC core record: Tanno first, Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka; Tamakoshi last, Aichi Medical University. THE LARGER COHORT. From 1988 to 1990, 30,155 men and 43,117 women aged 40 to 79 completed a lifestyle questionnaire including a question about ikigai. Mean follow-up 12.5 years. 10,021 deaths. Cox regression, multivariate hazard ratios adjusted for age, body mass index, drinking and smoking status, physical activity, sleep duration, education, occupation, marital status, perceived mental stress and medical history. DESIGN POINT: mortality was classified as having occurred either in the first five years or in the subsequent follow-up period and the headline results are for the long-term period, which is a reverse-causation guard built into the design. RESULTS, verbatim from the abstract: 'Men and women with ikigai had decreased risks of mortality from all causes in the long-term follow-up period; multivariate HRs (95% confidence intervals, CIs) were 0.85 (0.80-0.90) for men and 0.93 (0.86-1.00) for women. The risk of cardiovascular mortality was reduced in men with ikigai; the multivariate HR (95% CI) was 0.86 (0.76-0.97). Furthermore, men and women with ikigai had a decreased risk for mortality from external causes; multivariate HRs (95% CIs) were 0.74 (0.59-0.93) for men and 0.67 (0.51-0.88) for women.' Conclusion as written: 'The findings suggest that a positive psychological factor such as ikigai is associated with longevity among Japanese people.' THREE CAUTIONS: the women's all-cause interval reaches 1.00, so that estimate sits at the boundary; THE ITEM WORDING IS UNKNOWN because the abstract says only 'a question about ikigai' and the methods were not read, SO IT MUST NOT BE ASSUMED TO MATCH THE OHSAKI WORDING; and the effect is consistently weaker in women, which the 2022 outcome-wide paper also finds and cannot explain. Observational; no causal reading available.
Written from the sTRUCTURED ABSTRACT READ IN FULL AT SOURCE at the Europe PMC core record, which also supplied the complete author list and the JACC Study Group collective byline. THE FULL TEXT IS PAYWALLED AT ELSEVIER AND WAS NOT READ, so the methods, the covariate balance, the sensitivity analyses and the authors' own stated limitations are all unseen, AND THE EXACT WORDING OF THE IKIGAI ITEM IS NOT KNOWN.
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ort Study.' Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 67(1), 67-75. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.10.018