Twenty Years of Rail Crowding Valuation Studies: Evidence and Lessons from British Experience
Wardman and Whelan review British evidence from seventeen studies over twenty years on how passengers value rail crowding. They summarise the studies, place useful empirical evidence in the public domain and draw lessons. Valuations, for both standing and seated in crowded conditions, are expressed as time multipliers, which transfer more readily than money values. A meta-analysis of over two hundred valuations finds that they vary with load factor and journey purpose, and reports average multipliers for seating and standing.
Wardman and Whelan review British evidence from seventeen studies over twenty years on how passengers value rail crowding. They summarise the studies, place useful empirical evidence in the public domain and draw lessons. Valuations, for both standing and seated in crowded conditions, are expressed as time multipliers, which transfer more readily than money values. A meta-analysis of over two hundred valuations finds that they vary with load factor and journey purpose, and reports average multipliers for seating and standing.
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Wardman, M., & Whelan, G. (2011). Twenty Years of Rail Crowding Valuation Studies: Evidence and Lessons from British Experience. Transport Reviews, 31(3), 379-398