Studies (page 17)
- Niles (2015): Affect labeling enhances exposure effectiveness for public speaking anxiety
This is the second clinical test of affect labelling, applied to fear of public speaking rather than to spiders. The technique is the same: while facing the feared situation, the person names what…
- Nisbett (1977): Telling more than we can know: verbal reports on mental processes
Nisbett and Timothy Wilson reviewed the evidence on whether people can report on their own mental processes, in Psychological Review. It is a review of a literature rather than an experiment, so it…
- Nivison (2023): The predictive validity of the strange situation procedure: Evidence from registered analyses of two landmark longitudinal studies
Nivison and colleagues asked how much infant attachment really predicts, and did it the hard way: registered analyses of two landmark longitudinal studies, the Minnesota study of risk and adaptation…
- Noar (2016): Pictorial cigarette pack warnings: a meta-analysis of experimental studies
A meta-analysis led by Seth Noar of 37 experimental studies covering 48 samples and 33,613 participants. Pictorial cigarette warnings outperformed text-only warnings on 12 of 17 effectiveness…
- Nolen-Hoeksema (1991): Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes
This is the paper that introduced response styles theory, the account of why depressive episodes last as long as they do. Its claim is that what people do when their mood drops matters more than the…
- Nolen-Hoeksema (2008): Rethinking Rumination
Nolen-Hoeksema and colleagues review two decades of work on rumination and are notably willing to report where the original theory did not hold. Well supported: rumination worsens depression…
- Nook (2021): Emotion Naming Impedes Both Cognitive Reappraisal and Mindful Acceptance Strategies of Emotion Regulation
Nook and colleagues tested the assumption behind common advice, that naming an emotion helps a person then manage it. Two experiments say the opposite. In the first, participants either watched…
- Norberg (2007): The privacy paradox: personal information disclosure intentions versus behaviors
No abstract could be found for this paper, so this page does not summarise it.
- Northcraft (1987): Experts, amateurs, and real estate: An anchoring-and-adjustment perspective on property pricing decisions
Northcraft and Neale took anchoring out of the laboratory and into a property market. Estate agents and student participants toured a house and were given a full information package that included a…
- Norton (2009): The role of courage on behavioral approach in a fear-eliciting situation: A proof-of-concept pilot study
Norton and Weiss set out to test a definition of courage that treats it as behaviour rather than feeling: approaching something despite being afraid, rather than not being afraid. Thirty-two people…
- Norton (2011): The IKEA effect: when labor leads to love
Norton, with Daniel Mochon and Dan Ariely, reported the four studies that named the IKEA effect, in the Journal of Consumer Psychology. Participants assembled IKEA storage boxes, folded origami and…
- Ntoumanis (2021): A meta-analysis of self-determination theory-informed intervention studies in the health domain
Ntoumanis and colleagues meta-analysed seventy-three experimental studies in which an intervention based on self-determination theory was used in health promotion or disease management, and which…
- Nuttin (1985): Narcissism beyond Gestalt and awareness: the name letter effect
No abstract could be found for this paper, so this page does not summarise it.
- O'Donnell (2018): Registered Replication Report: Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg
This is the coordinated multi-laboratory test of one of behavioural priming's showpiece findings, the claim that people asked to think about professors before a general knowledge quiz answer more…
- Office for National Statistics. Internet sales as a percenta: https://www.ons.gov.uk/businessindustryandtrade/retailindustry/timeseries/j4mc/drsi
The Office for National Statistics' monthly series of internet sales as a percentage of retail sales in Great Britain. It was 19.1 per cent in February 2020, peaked at 37.8 per cent in January 2021…
- Office of Fair Trading (2009): Office of Fair Trading (2009). The Psychology of Scams: Provoking and Committing Errors of Judgement (OFT1070). Prepared by the University of Exeter School of Psychology: Lea, S. E. G., Fischer, P., &
A report for the UK Office of Fair Trading by a University of Exeter team led by Stephen Lea, combining interviews with 25 victims who lost money, analysis of 583 scam communications, two…
- Olivola (2018): The Interpersonal Sunk-Cost Effect
Olivola identifies a version of the sunk cost effect that the theory had not predicted. Every existing account treats it as a private matter, a person responding to their own past investment. Across…
- Open Science Collaboration (2015): Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science
The Open Science Collaboration replicated 100 experimental and correlational studies from three psychology journals, using high-powered designs and original materials where available. The headline…
- Oppenheimer (2006): Consequences of erudite vernacular utilized irrespective of necessity: problems with using long words needlessly
Oppenheimer tested a strategy most students admit to using: making your vocabulary more complicated so you sound cleverer. Across five experiments he found it backfires. When the same essay was…
- Orben (2019): The association between adolescent well-being and digital technology use
Orben and Przybylski's paper is as much about method as about screens. Their argument is that the large social datasets used to study adolescents and technology contain so many variables that a…