Concepts (page 53)
- Predictive Validity
Predictive validity is how well a score forecasts an outcome it is supposed to relate to. It is usually reported as a correlation between the score and the outcome, recorded separately. For the…
- Premenstrual Syndrome
Premenstrual syndrome describes physical and emotional symptoms that some women report in the days before a period. The research supports two findings at once: expectation raises reported symptoms…
- Preregistration
Preregistration means publishing the hypothesis, the sample size and the analysis plan before collecting any data, so that the analysis cannot be adjusted afterwards until something significant…
- Prestige Signals
A prestige signal is information about who a group admires, and about what the admired do. Michael Morris's sharp version of the mechanism is that prestige is inferred from third-party attention…
- Price Fairness
The belief that a price should bear a defensible relation to what something cost to produce. Bolton, Warlop and Alba found consumers start from the assumption that sellers are taking more than they…
- Price Framing
The same total, presented in different parts, is judged differently. The presentation is a competitive weapon rather than an accident of layout.
- Price Pacts
A price pact is a precommitment that stakes your own money, forfeited if you do not follow through, and it runs on loss aversion rather than reward. The headline evidence for it has been widely…
- Priced Simultaneity
Priced simultaneity is mass simultaneous attention sold directly to the audience rather than given away and monetised on the advertiser side. It is this publication's own construct, not a research…
- Prime Time
Prime time is ownership of a slice of the clock: the same hour, every night, claimed by one network until the audience arrives out of habit rather than decision. Tim Wu dates its invention to Amos…
- Privacy Calculus
The privacy calculus is the idea that people decide whether to share personal data by weighing what they expect to gain against the risks they perceive. Reviews of the privacy paradox treat it as…
- Probabilistic Promotions
A probabilistic promotion offers an uncertain reward, such as a one in ten chance of getting the item free, in place of a sure discount worth the same on average. These offers often win. Research…
- Problematic Smartphone Use
Problematic smartphone use is a wider term for excessive or hard-to-manage phone use that does not presume an addiction model. Tayana Panova and Xavier Carbonell proposed it in 2018, and a 2020…