Concepts (page 11)
- Ego Depletion
Ego depletion is the theory that self-control runs on a limited resource which drains as you use it, so that resisting one temptation leaves you weaker against the next. A 2010 meta-analysis of…
- Elements of Simplicity
The elements of simplicity are the six resources a behaviour can cost a person: time, money, physical effort, brain cycles, social deviance and non-routine. They break open the "ability" term in the…
- Emotion Differentiation
Emotion differentiation is how finely a person carves up their own feelings. Someone low in it feels bad. Someone high in it notices that this particular bad is disappointment rather than…
- Emotional Arousal
Emotional arousal is physiological activation, the state that readies a body to act. It is a separate dimension from whether a feeling is pleasant or unpleasant, and in the best-known study of…
- Emotional Contagion
Emotional contagion is the transfer of emotional states between people through mimicry, vocal matching, posture and shared attention. Elaine Hatfield, John Cacioppo and Richard Rapson named and…
- Emotional Intelligence
Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive, understand, use and manage emotions in yourself and others. Peter Salovey and John Mayer defined the construct in 1990, and the phrase itself…
- Emotional Labour
Emotional labour is the work of hiding or suppressing what you actually feel while displaying the emotion the job requires, which is sometimes the opposite of it. Arlie Hochschild named it in 1983…
- Enclothed Cognition
Enclothed cognition is the proposal that clothes affect the wearer's own thinking, through what they symbolise and the physical experience of wearing them. Hajo Adam and Adam Galinsky named it in…
- Endowed Progress Effect
The endowed progress effect is Joseph Nunes and Xavier Drèze's finding that people work harder to finish something they believe is already under way. In their 2006 car-wash study, customers given a…
- Endowment Effect
The endowment effect is Richard Thaler's 1980 observation that people demand more to give up a thing than they would have paid to acquire it. Kahneman, Knetsch and Thaler demonstrated it with coffee…
- Engagement Metrics
Engagement metrics measure a product's success as minutes and hours of attention captured, on the reasoning that more looking means more advertising revenue. The number is not a description of the…
- Entitativity
Entitativity is how much a group reads as one real, bounded thing, rather than a loose pile of individuals who happen to overlap. Michael Hogg names six components: clear boundaries, internal…