Studies (page 85)

Ranganathan and colleagues trained thirty healthy young volunteers for twelve weeks, fifteen minutes a day, five days a week: eight imagined contractions of the little finger, eight imagined elbow…

Rao, A. R., & Monroe, K. B. (1989). 'The Effect of Price, Brand Name, and Store Name on Buyers' Perceptions of Product Quality: An Integrative Review.' Journal of Marketing Research, 26(3), 351-357…

Rasch first author. A laboratory experiment ran duopoly markets of two sellers and one buyer over 20 rounds in four treatments of 54 subjects each, with buyers paying a cost to reveal drip prices…

No abstract could be found for this paper, so this page does not summarise it.

three experiments. People built more variety into consumption decisions when their behaviour was subject to public scrutiny. Studies 1 and 2: consumers expect others to evaluate their decision more…

Raudenbush synthesised 18 experiments that induced teacher expectations about pupil IQ and found an average of about 0.11 standard deviations, close to zero where teachers had known their pupils for…

Daniel Read, George Loewenstein and Matthew Rabin review research from many decision contexts showing that how people group several choices strongly affects what they do. Broad bracketing, which…

[ARTICLE NOT READ; paywalled, publisher page empty, no abstract at Crossref. Every figure comes from the University of South Carolina press release of 23 September 2025, read in full] Rebar, A. L…

Reber and Schwarz showed participants statements naming a city and its country and asked them to judge whether each was true. The statements appeared in colours that stood out strongly against a…

Reber, Schwarz and Winkielman propose that beauty is not a property sitting in the object but a report on the viewer's own processing. Their claim is that the more easily a thing is taken in, the…

Reber (2004), Processing Fluency and Aesthetic Pleasure: Is Beauty in the Perceiver's Processing Experience?, published in Personality and Social Psychology Review. Cited in 1 article on this site.

Rebok and colleagues report the ten-year follow-up of a randomised, single-blind trial that compared three cognitive training programmes, for memory, reasoning and speed of processing, with a…

The ACTIVE trial randomised 2,832 volunteers, average age 74, to memory, reasoning or speed-of-processing training, or a control group. Training was ten sessions of 60 to 70 minutes over five to six…

Population intelligence scores rose through the twentieth century, a phenomenon known as the Flynn effect, though recent years have seen a slowdown or reversal in several countries. The authors sort…

This study tests the hypothesis that the mere presence of a smartphone costs cognitive resources and lowers attention. The authors note that the smartphone offers entertainment, information and…

Redelmeier and Kahneman took the peak-end finding into a hospital. Nearly three hundred patients undergoing colonoscopy or lithotripsy reported their pain in real time throughout the procedure, and…

This is the randomised trial that followed, and it is the strongest evidence in the peak-end literature because it intervened rather than observed. Nearly seven hundred patients undergoing…

81 freshman males of Stanford University, 4 excluded; 3 x 2 design; tickets 25 cents; mean purchases 1.73 (favour from confederate), 1.08 (Coke from experimenter), 0.92 (no favour); liking…

Reicher, Spears and Postmes challenge traditional models of deindividuation, which assume that immersion in a group and anonymity cause a loss of selfhood and so of control over behaviour. They…

Reicher and Haslam report the BBC Prison Study, an experimental case study in which men were randomly divided into prisoners and guards in a specially built institution over eight days. Unlike the…